Bagrut 5 Advanced Grammar — דקדוק מתקדם לבגרות 5 יחידות

Had I known, I would have helped.

Inversion — היפוך לאחר 'had' במקום 'If I had known'. שלישי conditional רשמי.

Were I rich, I would travel.

Inversion — היפוך לאחר 'were' במקום 'If I were rich'. Second conditional רשמי.

Should you need help, call me.

Inversion עם 'should' = If you should need help. First conditional רשמי.

Not only did he win, but he also broke the record.

Inversion לאחר 'not only' — הפועל עוזר בא לפני הנושא.

Never have I seen such a sight.

Inversion לאחר 'never' — היפוך הנושא והעזר.

It was John who broke the window.

Cleft sentence — הדגשת הנושא 'John'.

What I need is some rest.

Wh-cleft — הדגשת המושא 'rest'.

I wish I had studied harder.

Wish + Past Perfect = חרטה על העבר.

If only she were here.

If only + past = משאלה לגבי ההווה.

I'd rather you didn't smoke.

Would rather + past = העדפה רשמית של פעולה של מישהו אחר.

It's high time we left.

It's high time + past = הגיע הזמן (עכשיו).

She insisted that he be on time.

Subjunctive לאחר 'insist that' — צורת הבסיס של הפועל ללא -s.

The book, which is on the shelf, is mine.

Non-defining relative clause — מידע נוסף בין פסיקים.

The man whose car was stolen is here.

Whose — שייכות במשפט זיקה.

Having finished his work, he went home.

Perfect participle — פעולה שהושלמה לפני האחרת.

Walking down the street, I saw him.

Present participle — פעולה במקביל.

The novel, written in 1925, is famous.

Past participle — צורת סביל מקוצרת של 'which was written'.

He must have left already.

Modal perfect — ודאות לגבי העבר.

She might have forgotten.

Modal perfect — אפשרות לגבי העבר.

He should have called.

Modal perfect — ביקורת על מה שלא נעשה בעבר.

By the time I arrived, they had left.

Past Perfect — פעולה שהסתיימה לפני פעולה אחרת בעבר.

She has been studying for hours.

Present Perfect Continuous — פעולה שהתחילה בעבר ונמשכת.

By next year, I will have graduated.

Future Perfect — פעולה שתסתיים עד נקודה בעתיד.

She is said to be very rich.

Reporting verb in passive — סביל לדיווח שמועה.

The harder you work, the more you achieve.

Double comparative — ככל ש … יותר.