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3,000-Year-Old Irish Hillfort Reveals One of Europe's Earliest 'Proto-Cities,' Archaeologists Say

New research published in the journal Antiquity has identified Haughey's Fort, an ancient hillfort near Armagh in Northern Ireland, as the center of a vast planned landscape combining settlement, craft production, and ritual on an unprecedented scale starting around 1200 BC. Excavations found evidence of as many as 204 wooden buildings inside the fort along with large-scale bronze and gold working, and imported goods from as far as the Iberian Peninsula, centuries before the nearby Navan Fort became the legendary capital of ancient Ulster.